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ABOUT
For the first time in the history of the Olympic Winter Games, snowboarding was introduced as an official event with giant slalom and halfpipe featured at the Nagano Games in 1998. Snowboarding was developed in the United States in the 1960s as people across the country began to seek out new winter activities. Over the next decade, different pioneers boosted the production of boards and the overall interest in snowboarding. Surfers and skateboarders became involved, and by 1980, snowboarding was a nationwide activity. Competition was the next logical step. Competition and national and international federation influence began in the 1980s. The United States held its first national championships in 1982 and hosted the first World Championships in 1983. In 1987, a four-stop World Cup tour was established, with two stops in the United States and two in Europe. The International Snowboarding Federation (ISF) was formed in 1990 and on request of the International Ski Federation (FIS) National Ski Associations, many of which organised ski and snowboard competitions, the FIS introduced Snowboarding as a FIS discipline in 1994. This enabled snowboarding’s eligibility for the Olympic Winter Games, and the discipline was added to the Olympic programme as of the 1998 Games in Nagano (JPN).
COMPETITION
There are six snowboard events on the programme of the Olympic Winter Games: men’s halfpipe, ladies’ halfpipe, men’s parallel giant slalom and ladies’ parallel giant slalom, men’s snowboard cross and ladies’ snowboard cross. Both halfpipe and giant slalom events were staged at the 1998 Olympic Winter Games, where the sport of snowboarding made its debut. The parallel giant slalom events appeared on the Salt Lake City Olympic programme for the first time, replacing the two giant slalom events that were contested in Nagano.
Halfpipe
The halfpipe competition takes place in a half-cylinder-shaped course dug deep into the hill. Using speed gained on the slope, snowboarders come up over the rim of the pipe and perform acrobatic aerial tricks. The object of the halfpipe is to perform difficult tricks with perfect form.
Alpine - Parallel giant slalom
An exciting version of Alpine snowboarding, parallel giant slalom features head-to-head matches on the mountain. After the qualification round, a 16-person tournament is established and competitors battle it out on two side-by-side courses until there is a winner.
Snowboard Cross
A challenging route including jumps and obstacles conveys a “Formula One” atmosphere. The heats consist of four riders who start at the same time, whereby the best two in the finish proceed to the next round.
Technical Terminology
180 air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the snowboard rotates 180 degrees - a half of a spin.
360 air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the snowboard rotates 360 degrees - one full spin.
540 air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the snowboarder rotates 540 degrees - one-and-a-half spins.
720 air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the snowboarder rotates 720 degrees - two full spins.
900 air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the snowboarder rotates 900 degrees - two-and-a-half spins.
Air to fakie: Any trick in the halfpipe in which a rider approaches the wall riding forward, no rotation is made, and the rider lands riding backwards.
Alley-oop: Any manoeuvre in the halfpipe in which the rider rotates 180 degrees or more in the uphill direction.
Andrecht: A handplant using the rear hand while grabbing the board with the other (front) hand.
Backside: The side of the snowboard on which the athlete's heels rest; the side of the snowboard to which the athlete's back faces.
Backside air: A trick performed on the backside wall of the halfpipe, grabbing the heel edge of the board with the front hand.
Backside handplant: A manoeuvre where the rider places both hands or the rear hand on the lip of the halfpipe and rotates 180 degrees in the backside direction.
Backside rotation: Rotating clockwise for a regular-footed snowboarder or rotating counter-clockwise for a goofy-footed snowboarder.
Backside wall: If a snowboarder rides straight down the halfpipe, the side of the halfpipe that is behind the rider.
Bevel: The angle to which the edges of the snowboard are tuned. Freestyle boards have greater base-edge bevels than an Alpine board; however, Alpine boards have greater edge bevels.
Blindside: Any rotation in which the snowboarder has oriented himself "blind" to his takeoff or landing and must stretch to look over his shoulder.
Bone: To straighten out one or both legs.
Bonk: Hitting an object while riding a snowboard.
Cab: Short for caballerial.
Caballerial: Figure de halfpipe, avec début en marche arrière, rotation de 360 degrés et réception en marche avant. Porte le nom du spécialiste de planche à roulettes Steve Caballero.
Canadian bacon air: A move in which the rear hand reaches behind the rear leg to grab the toe edge between the bindings while the rear leg is straightened.
Chicken salad air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the rear hand reaches between the leg and grabs the heel edge between the bindings while the front is straightened.
Corkscrew: Sideways rotation.
Crail air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the rear hand grabs the toe edge in front of the front foot while the rear leg is straightened.
Crippler air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the snowboarder performs a 180-degree flip. The athlete approaches the wall of the halfpipe riding forward and lands riding forward.
Detune: To slightly dull the edges of the snowboard.
Double grab: Performing two separate grab tricks on one aerial.
Double-handed grab: Grabbing the snowboard with both hands on an aerial manoeuvre.
Duckfoot: A snowboard stance in which the toes point outward.
Effective edge: The part of the edge of the snowboard that is in contact with the snow; does not include the edges of the tip and tail.
Eggplant: A one-handed 180-degree backside rotated invert in which the front hand is planted on the lip of the halfpipe wall.
Elgeurial: An invert in which the halfpipe wall is approached fakie, the rear hand is planted, a 360-degree backside rotation is made, and the rider lands going forward.
Fakie: Riding backwards.
Fall line: An imaginary line that combines the steepest pitch and most direct line, from top to bottom, of any slope.
Flat bottom: The area in the halfpipe between the two walls.
Flatground: Tricks performed on a flat slope.
Flex: The stiffness of the snowboard.
Freeriding: Snowboarding for fun, not in a competition.
Freestyle snowboarding: The type of snowboarding that includes tricks; halfpipe is a type of freestyle snowboarding.
Front foot: The foot closest to the front of the snowboard.
Front hand: The hand closest to the front of the snowboard.
Frontside: The side of the snowboard on which the toes rest; the side of the snowboard the athlete's chest faces.
Frontside air: Technically, a frontside air is an aerial performed on the frontside wall. The term also is used to describe an aerial on the frontside wall.
Frontside handplant: A manoeuvre in which the rider places the front hand on the lip of the halfpipe and rotates 180 degrees in the frontside direction.
Frontside rotation: Rotating counter-clockwise for a regular-footed snowboarder or rotating clockwise for a goofy-footed snowboarder.
Frontside wall: If a snowboarder rides straight down the halfpipe, the side of the halfpipe that is in front of the rider.
Goofy-footed: Riding a snowboard with the right foot forward.
Haaken flip: An inverted aerial in which the rider approaches the wall of the halfpipe riding backwards. At the lip of the halfpipe, the rider flips backwards into the pipe and rotates 720 degrees, landing forward down in the pipe. Named after its originator, Terje Haakonsen.
Halfpipe: The snow structure on which the halfpipe competition is contested. It is made up of two walls of the same height and size and a transition area in between.
Ho ho: Any two-hand handplant.
Indy air: An aerial manoeuvre performed on the backside wall with the rear hand grabbing the board between the bindings. "Indy" also can be used to describe the location of the grab.
International Ski Federation (FIS): The International Ski Federation (FIS) establishes the rules, sets the schedule of events and selects the referees, judges and other officials for the Olympic Games as well as other international competitions.
Inverted 180: An aerial manoeuvre in which the snowboarder performs a 180-degree flip. The athlete approaches the wall of the halfpipe riding forward and lands riding forward. Also know as a "crippler".
Inverted aerial: A trick in which the rider is airborne and upside-down.
Japan air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the rider grabs the toe edge in between the feet with his front hand and the front knee is pulled to the board.
J-Tear: Named after its originator, Mike Jacoby, an invert in which the athlete rotates roughly 540 degrees in a front-side direction while planting one or both hands on the lip of the wall.
Late: Incorporating a move into a trick just before the trick's completion.
Layback handplant: A manoeuvre in which the rider places the rear hand on the lip of the halfpipe and rotates 180 degrees in the frontside direction.
Lien air: An aerial manoeuvre on the frontside wall, in which the rider grabs the heel edge with his front hand and leans over the nose of the board.
Lip: The top edge of the halfpipe wall.
Lip trick: Any trick performed on or near the lip of the wall.
McEgg: An invert in which the athlete plants the front hand on the wall, rotates 540 degrees in a backside direction and lands riding forward.
McTwist: An inverted aerial on the backside wall in which the snowboarder performs a 540-degree flip. The athlete approaches the halfpipe wall riding forward, becomes airborne, rotates 540 degrees in a backside direction while performing a front flip, and lands riding forward. Named after skateboarder Mike McGill.
Melonchollie air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the rider reaches behind the front leg with the front hand and grabs the heel edge between the bindings while the front leg is boned.
Method air: An aerial manoeuvre on the backside wall in which the rider grabs the heel edge with the front hand, bends both knees, and pulls to the level of the head.
Michaelchuck: Named after its originator, Mike Michaelchuck, an invert done on the backside wall of the halfpipe in which the rider does a backflip with a 180-degree backside rotation.
Miller flip: An invert in which the halfpipe wall is approached riding forward, the front hand is planted, a 360-degree front-side rotation is made, and the rider lands riding fakie (or backwards).
Mosquito air: An aerial trick in which the athlete reaches behind the front leg with his front hand and grabs the heel edge between the bindings. The front knee is then bent to touch the board.
Mute air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the rider grads the toe edge with his front hand either between the bindings or at the front of the board.
Nollie: A method to obtain air without jumping. It is performed by first lifting the rear foot, then lifting the front foot as the rider springs off the nose.
Nose: The front tip of the snowboard.
Nose grab air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the rider grabs the nose of the snowboard.
Nose poke air: Any manoeuvre in which you bone your front leg and "poke" the nose of the snowboard in a direction away from your body.
Nose slide: To slide along the ground solely on the nose of the snowboard.
Ollie: A method to obtain air without jumping. It is performed by first lifting the front foot, then lifting the rear foot as the rider springs off the tail.
Palmer air: Named after its originator, Shawn Palmer, an aerial manoeuvre in which the board is grabbed near the nose and pulled across the front of the body, and the nose is pointed downward.
Phillips 66: An invert in which the athlete approaches the halfpipe wall riding fakie (backwards), plants the rear hand on the lip of the halfpipe while doing a front flip, and lands in the transition area riding forward. Named after skateboarder Jeff Phillips.
Plate binding: A binding system in which hard boots are attached to the snowboard by a flat plate similar to ski bindings.
Pop tart: An aerial move in which the rider goes up fakie (backwards) and lands going forward, thus not rotating.
Rear foot: The foot mounted closest to the tail of the snowboard.
Rear hand: The trailing hand closest to the tail of the snowboard.
Regular-footed: Riding on a snowboard with the left foot forward.
Revert: To switch from riding fakie (backwards) to forward, or from forward to fakie.
Roast beef air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the rider grads the heel edge between the bindings with the rear hand and the rear leg is straightened.
Rocket air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the rider grabs the toe edge in front of the front foot with the front hand and the back leg is straightened while the board points perpendicular to the ground.
Rodeo flip: An invert in which the rider rotates diagonal over shoulder while flipping.
Rolling down the windows: A phrase used to describe when someone is caught off-balance and they rotate their arms wildly in the air to try to recover.
Sato flip: An invert done on the front-side wall of a halfpipe in which the rider does a front flip with a 180-degree rotation front-side.
Seatbelt air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the rider reaches across the body with the front hand and grabs the tail while the front leg is straightened.
Shifty air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the upper torso and lower body are twisted in opposite directions and then returned to normal. The front leg is usually straightened.
Sidecut radius: The measure of the circle's radius to which the sidecut of the snowboard corresponds. A small radius will make for tighter turning than a large radius.
Slob air: The athlete performs a mute grab with the front hand while the back leg is boned (straightened) and the board is kept parallel to the ground.
Stalefish air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the athlete grabs the heel edge behind the rear leg in between with the rear hand, while the rear leg is boned (straightened).
Stance: The position of the feet on the snowboard.
Step-in binding: Binding system in which no major manual adjustment is needed to attach and detach the boot from the binding.
Stiffy air: Any aerial in which both legs are boned (straightened) and a grab is done.
Switchstance: Performing a trick while riding backwards when the manoeuvre is performed exactly like it would be if you were riding forward.
Tail: The rear tip of the snowboard.
Tail grab air: The athlete grabs the tail of the snowboard with the rear hand.
Tail poke: Any manoeuvre in which you bone (straighten) your rear leg and "poke" the tail of the snowboard in a direction away from the body.
Tail slide: To slide along the ground solely on the tail of the snowboard.
Tail wheelie: To ride solely on the tail of the snowboard with the nose in the air.
Taipan air: An aerial manoeuvre in which the athlete reaches behind the front foot and grabs the toe edge between the bindings with the front hand. The front knee is then bent to touch the board.
Toe edge: The edge of the snowboard on which the toes rest.
Tranny: A slang term for transition.
Transition: The curved surface of the halfpipe walls between the flat section and the vertical portion of the wall.
Traverse: To ride perpendicular to the fall line; to ride across the halfpipe.
Tuck knee: A technique in which one knee is bent and the ankle is bent sideways to touch the knee to the snowboard between the bindings.
Twin tip: A type of snowboard used in freestyle. It has an identical tip and tail so the board can be ridden in either direction.
Vertical: The top portion of the wall in a halfpipe that allows the snowboard to fly straight up in the air.
Wet cat: An inverted aerial in which the athlete plants the front hand on the wall, rotates 900 degrees in a backside direction and lands riding forward. It is a 900-degree McTwist. |
